Xinjiang, a vast and captivating region in the far west of China, is often described as the country’s “Wild West.” It is a land of dramatic contrasts, where soaring snow-capped mountains give way to sprawling deserts, and ancient Silk Road cities coexist with modern metropolises.
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The region is a melting pot of cultures, predominantly home to the Uyghur people, a Muslim Turkic-speaking ethnic group with a distinct identity, but also a blend of other groups like the Han, Kazakhs, and Tajiks.
At the heart of Xinjiang’s unique character is Kashgar, a city that feels closer to Central Asia than to Beijing. As a major trading post on the historic Silk Road, Kashgar has for centuries been a hub of commerce and cultural exchange. Its ancient Old Town, with its labyrinthine alleys, traditional mud-brick houses, and vibrant markets, evokes a timeless atmosphere. The city’s famous Sunday market, though now a more modern affair, remains a testament to its trading past.
Kashgar’s livestock market is one of the largest in Central Asia, attracting farmers, herders, and traders from across the region. It’s a vibrant and captivating spectacle, a living testament to centuries of trade and cultural exchange along the ancient Silk Road. The market is a cacophony of sounds, smells, and sights. Hundrets of animals, if not thousands – sheep, goats, cattle, horses, and even camels – are bought and sold, creating a bustling and energetic atmosphere.
Further south, nestled in the Pamir Mountains, lies Tashkurgan, a remote town with a history as rich as its surroundings. Situated at an altitude of over 3000 meter above sea level, Tashkurgan is a key stop for travelers heading towards the border with Pakistan. The town is known for its ancient Stone City, a fortress with a history of over 2,000 years, and for its unique Tajik culture, whose people are closely related to those in neighboring Tajikistan and Afghanistan.
Connecting these high-altitude outposts is the legendary Karakorum Highway, often called the “Eighth Wonder of the World.” This engineering marvel snakes through some of the most rugged and beautiful terrain on the planet, linking China with Pakistan. Following an ancient Silk Road route, the highway is a breathtaking journey through towering peaks, deep gorges, and picturesque valleys, offering a glimpse into the raw power of nature and the ingenuity of human construction.
In stark contrast to the historical and rugged landscapes of the south is Urumqi, the bustling capital of Xinjiang. While it has a history as a garrison city, today Urumqi is a modern and rapidly developing metropolis. It is the most remote major city from any ocean in the world.
The city serves as a crucial economic and transportation hub for the region, connecting it with the rest of China and Central Asia. Urumqi’s unique blend of cultures is evident in its lively markets, such as the Xinjiang International Grand Bazaar, and its diverse cuisine, which combines traditional Uyghur flavors with influences from across China.
